Chemicals that were once common and are now banned in the U.S.

[ffb_section_0 unique_id=”7o4rgmch” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A0%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22fg-container-large%22%2C%22no-padding%22%3A0%2C%22no-gutter%22%3A0%2C%22gutter-size%22%3A%22%22%2C%22match-col%22%3A0%2C%22force-fullwidth%22%3A0%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_column_1 unique_id=”7o4rgmci” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22xs%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22sm%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22lg%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22is-centered%22%3A%220%22%2C%22is-bg-clipped%22%3A%220%22%2C%22xs-last%22%3A%22no%22%2C%22sm-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-overlap%22%3A%22no%22%2C%22sm-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_image_2 unique_id=”7o4rjq9n” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22img%22%3A%7B%22img%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22id%5C%22%3A43282%2C%5C%22url%5C%22%3A%5C%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beyondtoxics.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F06%2FColorful-oil-film-on-water-surface_dreamstime_xxl_312542984-donation-JJC_1400px.jpg%5C%22%2C%5C%22width%5C%22%3A1400%2C%5C%22height%5C%22%3A557%7D%22%2C%22fullwidth%22%3A%221%22%7D%2C%22blank%22%3A%22null%22%7D%7D%7D”][/ffb_image_2][ffb_heading_2 unique_id=”8oaakbl0″ data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22text-is-richtext%22%3A%220%22%2C%22tag%22%3A%22h1%22%2C%22align%22%3A%22text-center%22%2C%22align-sm%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-md%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-lg%22%3A%22%22%7D%2C%22st%22%3A%7B%22styles%22%3A%22gs-1bdkfqvl*%7C*Large Heading%22%7D%2C%22b-m%22%3A%7B%22pd-xs%22%3A%7B%22t%22%3A%2230%22%2C%22b%22%3A%2220%22%7D%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_param route=”o gen text”]Chemicals that were once common and are now banned in the U.S.*[/ffb_param][/ffb_heading_2][/ffb_column_1][/ffb_section_0][ffb_section_0 unique_id=”7o4rgl1p” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A0%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22fg-container-large%22%2C%22no-padding%22%3A0%2C%22no-gutter%22%3A0%2C%22gutter-size%22%3A%22%22%2C%22match-col%22%3A0%2C%22force-fullwidth%22%3A0%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_column_1 unique_id=”7o4rgl1q” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22xs%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22sm%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22lg%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22is-centered%22%3A%220%22%2C%22is-bg-clipped%22%3A%220%22%2C%22xs-last%22%3A%22no%22%2C%22sm-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-overlap%22%3A%22no%22%2C%22sm-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_html_2 unique_id=”7o4rh2km” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22html%22%3A%7B%22html%22%3A%22%3Cstyle%3E%5Cn table.custom-table %7B%5Cn border-collapse%3A collapse%3B%5Cn width%3A 100%25%3B%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table th%2C table.custom-table td %7B%5Cn border%3A 1px solid black%3B%5Cn border-width%3A 1px%3B%5Cn padding%3A 10px%3B %2F* Increased padding *%2F%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table th %7B%5Cn border-top%3A 2px solid black%3B%5Cn border-bottom%3A 2px solid black%3B%5Cn background-color%3A %23D3D3D3%3B %2F* Light grey background for header row *%2F%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table td %7B%5Cn border-bottom%3A 1px solid black%3B%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table tr%3Afirst-child th %7B%5Cn border-top%3A 2px solid black%3B%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table tr td%3Afirst-child%2C%5Cn table.custom-table tr th%3Afirst-child %7B%5Cn border-left%3A 2px solid black%3B%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table tr td%3Alast-child%2C%5Cn table.custom-table tr th%3Alast-child %7B%5Cn border-right%3A 2px solid black%3B%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table tr%3Alast-child td %7B%5Cn border-bottom%3A 2px solid black%3B%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table tr%3Anth-child(odd) td %7B%5Cn background-color%3A %23E6F7FF%3B %2F* Light blue background for odd rows *%2F%5Cn %7D%5Cn table.custom-table tr%3Anth-child(even) td %7B%5Cn background-color%3A %23E0E6C8%3B %2F* Lighter sage green background for even rows *%2F%5Cn %7D%5Cn%3C%2Fstyle%3E%5Cn%5Cn%3Ctable class%3D%5C%22custom-table%5C%22%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Cth%3EName%2FMajor Sources%3C%2Fth%3E%5Cn %3Cth%3EProperties that Prompted Use%3C%2Fth%3E%5Cn %3Cth%3EHarmful Effects for the Environment and Human Health%3C%2Fth%3E%5Cn %3Cth%3EDate Banned in the U.S.%3C%2Fth%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EDDT%2F pesticide%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EKills broad spectrum of insects%3B use began in 1940s to prevent spread of malaria.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3ELiver and reproductive toxin for humans and animals%3B probable carcinogen%3B persists in the environment and in body tissues.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EBanned in 1972. (1)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3ELead (paint%2C gasoline%2C pipes)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EMakes paint more durable%2C also a pigment%3B anti-knock agent and octane booster since the 1920s.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EPotent neurotoxin with severe developmental effects in children%3B cognitive%2C blood pressure and reproductive issues in adults.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EBanned in paint in 1978%3B phase-out in fuels completed 1996. (2)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EAsbestos%2F construction%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EFire resistant and insulating%3B a naturally occurring silicate fiber.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EVarious cancers%2C most notably mesothelioma of the lungs%3B fibers deposited in lungs (%E2%80%9Casbestosis%E2%80%9D) can cause scarring.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3E1989 ban overturned in 1991%3B recent ban in 2024. (3)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3ECFCs (refrigerant%2C spray cans)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3ENon-flammable%3B replaced combustible refrigerants.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EDepletes ozone in the atmosphere%2C reducing filtration of UV radiation%3B damage to the eyes and skin%2C including skin cancers%3B persistent greenhouse gas.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EGradual ban completed in 1994.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EMercury (Batteries%2C coal%2C dental amalgam fluorescent bulbs)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EReduces swelling and rupture in batteries%3B makes silver amalgam dental fillings more workable and durable.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EHighly neurotoxic%2C even in very small quantity%3B can have severe cognitive and neuromuscular effects on children and adults%3B accumulates in fish and seafoods%2C with human exposure from eating them.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EBanned in batteries 1996%3B emission from coal burning limited by 2011 EPA rule%3B 2020 EPA rule for amalgam disposal (4)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EPhthalates (plastics%2C cosmetics)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EPlasticizers – increases flexibility%2C transparency%2C durability%3B solvent in fragrances.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EHormone disrupter%2C estrogen mimic%3B early puberty%2C infertility%2C obesity%3B probable carcinogen for breasts and reproductive organs.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3E2008 EPA rule banned some phthalates in children%E2%80%99s products. (5)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EFood Additives%2F bromates%2C propylparaben%2C Red dye %233%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EIncreases shelf life and has other functions in processed foods such as candy%2C cereal%2C soda%2C and baked goods.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EExisting studies link these additives to hyperactivity%2C nervous systems damage and increased risk of cancer in both adults and children.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EBanned in foods sold or manufactured in California by 2027. (6)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn %3Ctr%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EPFAS (Fire-fighting foam%2C cookware%2C fabrics)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EFoam creates a film which contains fire%3B non-stick agent in cookware and in stain-resistant fabrics.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3ELinked to many health problems%3A weakened immune system%2C kidney cancer%2C elevated cholesterol%2C pregnancy-induced hypertension%2C liver damage%2C reduced fertility%2C and increased risk of thyroid disease.%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3Ctd%3EMeasures enacted in several states%3A bans on PFAS in firefighting foam%2C and a phase-out of PFAS in food packaging%3B 2024 EPA rule%2C water supply. (7)%3C%2Ftd%3E%5Cn %3C%2Ftr%3E%5Cn%3C%2Ftable%3E%5Cn%22%2C%22html-is-richtext%22%3A%220%22%7D%2C%22blank%22%3A%22null%22%7D%7D%7D”][/ffb_html_2][ffb_paragraph_2 unique_id=”7o4s4ji4″ data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22text-is-richtext%22%3A%221%22%2C%22align%22%3A%22text-left%22%2C%22align-sm%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-md%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-lg%22%3A%22%22%7D%2C%22b-m%22%3A%7B%22pd-xs%22%3A%7B%22t%22%3A%2210%22%2C%22b%22%3A%2220%22%7D%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_param route=”o gen text”]

* data and table provided by Stuart Greenleaf

[/ffb_param][/ffb_paragraph_2][/ffb_column_1][/ffb_section_0][ffb_section_0 unique_id=”8oab2doe” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A0%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22fg-container-large%22%2C%22no-padding%22%3A0%2C%22no-gutter%22%3A0%2C%22gutter-size%22%3A%22%22%2C%22match-col%22%3A0%2C%22force-fullwidth%22%3A0%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_column_1 unique_id=”8oab2dof” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A0%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22xs%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22sm%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md%22%3A12%2C%22lg%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22is-centered%22%3A0%2C%22not-equalize%22%3A0%2C%22is-bg-clipped%22%3A0%2C%22xs-last%22%3A%22no%22%2C%22sm-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-overlap%22%3A%22no%22%2C%22sm-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_heading_2 unique_id=”8oab2doo” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22text-is-richtext%22%3A%220%22%2C%22tag%22%3A%22h4%22%2C%22align%22%3A%22text-left%22%2C%22align-sm%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-md%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-lg%22%3A%22%22%7D%2C%22st%22%3A%7B%22styles%22%3A%22gs-1bdkk8mc*%7C*Medium Heading%22%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_param route=”o gen text”] NOTES[/ffb_param][/ffb_heading_2][ffb_paragraph_2 unique_id=”8oab2tik” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22text-is-richtext%22%3A%221%22%2C%22align%22%3A%22text-left%22%2C%22align-sm%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-md%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-lg%22%3A%22%22%7D%2C%22cc%22%3A%7B%22grp%22%3A%7B%220-%7C-css%22%3A%7B%22css%22%3A%7B%22slct%22%3A%22%25s1 ol li%22%2C%22styles%22%3A%22padding-bottom%3A 10px%3B%22%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_param route=”o gen text”]

  1. Rachel Carson and her 1962 book Silent Spring were fiercely attacked by the pesticide industry. She is credited for raising environmental awareness, which led to the 1972 banning of DDT. Upon the founding of the EPA in 1970, its initial task was pesticide regulation.
  2. When lead was added to gasoline in the 1920s, its toxicity was already known. Banning of lead in fuels was delayed by companies with a stake in continued lead use, including General Motors, funding studies to create the false impression that leaded gasoline was safe.
  3. The 1989 asbestos ban in the US was contested regarding the burden placed on industry, and overturned in 1991. A new ban was enacted in 2024.
  4. Toxicity of mercury has been known since ancient times. The first scientific paper was published in 1926, involving inhalation of mercury vapor. Mercury in fluorescent bulbs is partially regulated in six states, while sweeping bans exist in Europe. A 2020 EPA rule requires dental offices to use a device which separates mercury amalgam material from other waste.
  5. Plasticizers, including phthalates and bisphenol-A (BPA), are considered “xeno-estrogens” with harmful effects listed in the table above. Up to now, significant restrictions have been enacted in only a few states.
  6. The California Food Safety Act of 2023 bans four food additives by January 2027. This statewide legislation, the first of its kind in the US, will prohibit any food product manufactured, sold, delivered, distributed, held or offered for sale in California after January 1, 2027, from containing brominated vegetable oil (solubility of flavoring), potassium bromate (dough conditioner), propyl paraben (anti-microbial preservative), or Red Dye No. 3 (coloring). Similar legislation is pending in other states.
  7. The family of several PFAS chemicals are “per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances”, nicknamed “the forever chemicals” because they are very persistent in the environment and in living tissue. They are found in food, soil, air, and water. 12 states including CA, CO, CT, HI, IL, ME, MD, MN, NH, NY, VT, and WA have banned the sale of firefighting foam containing PFAS. 12 states including CA, CO, CT, HI, ME, MD, MN, NY, OR, RI, VT, and WA have enacted phase-outs of PFAS in food packaging.

[/ffb_param][/ffb_paragraph_2][ffb_html_2 unique_id=”7o4s6ncv” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22html%22%3A%7B%22html%22%3A%22%3Chr%3E%22%2C%22html-is-richtext%22%3A%220%22%7D%2C%22blank%22%3A%22null%22%7D%7D%7D”][/ffb_html_2][ffb_paragraph_2 unique_id=”8oabeekq” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22text-is-richtext%22%3A%221%22%2C%22align%22%3A%22text-left%22%2C%22align-sm%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-md%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-lg%22%3A%22%22%7D%2C%22cc%22%3A%7B%22grp%22%3A%7B%220-%7C-css%22%3A%7B%22css%22%3A%7B%22slct%22%3A%22%25s1 ul li%22%2C%22styles%22%3A%22padding-bottom%3A 10px%3B%22%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_param route=”o gen text”]

[/ffb_param][/ffb_paragraph_2][/ffb_column_1][/ffb_section_0][ffb_section_0 unique_id=”7o4rkumj” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A0%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22fg-container-large%22%2C%22no-padding%22%3A0%2C%22no-gutter%22%3A0%2C%22gutter-size%22%3A%22%22%2C%22match-col%22%3A0%2C%22force-fullwidth%22%3A0%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_column_1 unique_id=”7o4rkumk” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22xs%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22sm%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22lg%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22is-centered%22%3A%220%22%2C%22is-bg-clipped%22%3A%220%22%2C%22xs-last%22%3A%22no%22%2C%22sm-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-last%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-offset%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-pull%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22sm-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-push%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22xs-overlap%22%3A%22no%22%2C%22sm-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22md-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%2C%22lg-overlap%22%3A%22unset%22%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_emptySpace_2 unique_id=”7o4tl9mv” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22height%22%3A%2220%22%7D%7D%7D”][/ffb_emptySpace_2][ffb_paragraph_2 unique_id=”7o4tlmts” data=”%7B%22o%22%3A%7B%22gen%22%3A%7B%22ffsys-disabled%22%3A%220%22%2C%22ffsys-info%22%3A%22%7B%7D%22%2C%22text-is-richtext%22%3A%221%22%2C%22align%22%3A%22text-left%22%2C%22align-sm%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-md%22%3A%22%22%2C%22align-lg%22%3A%22%22%7D%7D%7D”][ffb_param route=”o gen text”]

Back to Waste Management Projects | Back to PFAS Chemicals page | Back to Toxic-Free Living

[/ffb_param][/ffb_paragraph_2][/ffb_column_1][/ffb_section_0]